Electronics

Transformer

April 28, 2011

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled electrical conductors. A changing current in the first circuit (the primary) creates a changing magnetic field. This changing magnetic field induces a changing voltage in the second circuit (the secondary). This effect is called as mutual induction. If [...]

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Capacitors

April 28, 2011

Capacitors are components that are used to store an electrical charge and are used in timer circuits. A capacitor may be used with a resistor to produce a timer. Sometimes capacitors are used to smooth a current in a circuit as they can prevent false triggering of other components such as relays. When power is [...]

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Resistors

April 28, 2011

Resistor is a passive component used to control current in a circuit. Its resistance is given by the ratio of voltage applied across its terminals to the current passing through it. Thus a particular value of resistor, for fixed voltage, limits the current through it. They are omnipresent in electronic circuits. The most common type [...]

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Microcontroller 8051 Instruction Set

April 25, 2011

8051 Microcontroller A microcontroller is an economical computer-on-a-chip built for dealing with specific tasks, such as displaying or receiving information through LEDs or remote controlled devices. The most commonly used set of microcontrollers belong to 8051 Family. 8051 Microcontrollers continue to remain a preferred choice for a vast community of hobbyists and professionals. Most commonly [...]

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8086 complete instruction set

April 21, 2011

Quick reference: AAA AAD AAM AAS ADC ADD AND CALL CBW CLC CLD CLI CMC CMP   CMPSB CMPSW CWD DAA DAS DEC DIV HLT IDIV IMUL IN INC INT INTO IRET JA JAE JB JBE JC JCXZ JE JG JGE JL JLE JMP JNA JNAE JNB JNBE JNC JNE JNG JNGE JNL JNLE JNO [...]

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Circuit Troubleshooting

April 12, 2011

Short notes about Circuit troubleshooting. – Check the circuit for mechanical failures, like disconnected wire, broken vias on the board, and connections between two adjacent vias which are not to be connected. – You should compare values of components and their connections with values and connections between components on the schematic. – Measuring DC voltages [...]

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10W Audio Amplifier

April 12, 2011

Introduction Amplifier device that accepts a varying input signal and produces an output signal that varies in the same way as the input but has larger amplitude. The input signal may be a current, a voltage, a mechanical motion, or any other signal; the output signal is usually of the same nature. The most common [...]

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Electrical Units of Measure

February 15, 2011

The standard SI units used for the measurement of voltage, current and resistance are the Volt [ V ], Ampere [ A ] and Ohms [ Ω ] respectively. Sometimes in electrical or electronic circuits and systems it is necessary to use multiples or sub-multiples (fractions) of these standard units when the quantities being measured are very large or very small. [...]

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Current

February 15, 2011

Electrical Current is the movement or flow of electrical charge and is measured in Amperes, symbol i, for intensity). It is the continuous and uniform flow (called a drift) of electrons (the negative particles of an atom) around a circuit that are being “pushed” by the voltage source. In reality, electrons flow from the negative [...]

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Little about Voltage

February 15, 2011

Voltage is the potential energy of an electrical supply stored in the form of an electrical charge. Voltage can be thought of as the force that pushes electrons through a conductor and the greater the voltage the greater is its ability to “push” the electrons through a given circuit. As energy has the ability to [...]

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140W Audio power amplifier circuit

February 4, 2011

140W Audio power amplifier circuit using 2N3569, 2N3055, MPS6533, 2N4355

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Piezoelectric Transducer (Sensors)

January 30, 2011

A piezoelectric transducer is a device that is capable of converting electricity into mechanical forces, or vibrations. Piezoelectric transducers are required for ultrasonic devices, although they have other uses as well. Piezoelectric transducers are usually able to convert electricity into vibrations as well as convert vibrations into electricity, although this is not always the case. [...]

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Ultrasonic Transducers (Sensors)

January 30, 2011

What Is An Ultrasonic Sensor An ultrasonic sensor is a device that works in much the same was as RADAR and SONAR. In fact, ultrasonic sensors mimic the natural ability of bats and other animals that use ultrasonic frequencies for navigation. Ultrasonic sensors are able to broadcast a powerful, ultrasonic frequency and then detect the [...]

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What Is an Infrared Sensor

January 30, 2011

An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits and/or detects infrared radiation in order to sense some aspect of its surroundings. Infrared sensors can measure the heat of an object, as well as detect motion. Many of these types of sensors only measure infrared radiation, rather than emitting it, and thus are known as [...]

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Little about MOSFET

January 30, 2011

In 1959, Dawon Kahng and Martin M. (John) Atalla at Bell Labs invented the metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). Operationally and structurally different from the bipolar junction transistor, the MOSFET was made by putting an insulating layer on the surface of the semiconductor and then placing a metallic gate electrode on that. It used crystalline silicon [...]

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Little about JFET

January 30, 2011

The acronym JFET stands for junction gate field-effect transistor and is also known by the term JUGFET. The JFET is the most simple type of field effect transistor currently in use and can be deployed as either a voltage-controlled resistance or an electronically-controlled switch. When deploying a JFET, the electric charge will flow in a [...]

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