// understanding call-by-value vs call-by-reference

#include <iostream.h>

int f1 (int, int, int);
int f2 (int&, int&, int&);
int f3 (int, int&, int);

void main () {
int i, j, k;

i=1;
j=2;
k=3;

cout << endl;
cout << “Initial values of i, j, and k are: ”
<< i << “, ” << j << “, and ” << k << endl << endl;
cout << “f1(i,j,k) = ” << f1(i,j,k) << endl;
cout << “Values of i, j, and k after the call to f1 are: ”
<< i << “, ” << j << “, and ” << k << endl << endl;
cout << “f2(i,j,k) = ” << f2(i,j,k) << endl;
cout << “Values of i, j, and k after the call to f2 are: ”
<< i << “, ” << j << “, and ” << k << endl << endl;
cout << “f3(i,j,k) = ” << f3(i,j,k) << endl;
cout << “Values of i, j, and k after the call to f3 are: ”
<< i << “, ” << j << “, and ” << k << endl;
}

int f1 (int x, int y, int z) {
x=x+5;
y=y+5;
z=z+5;
return(x+y+z);
}

int f2 (int& x, int& y, int& z) {
x=x+5;
y=y+5;
z=z+5;
return(x+y+z);
}

int f3 (int x, int& y, int z) {
x=x+5;
y=y+5;
z=z+5;
return(x+y+z);
}

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