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Little about Active Directry

January 26, 2011

What is an Active Directory and How Does It Work? An active directory is a service that is provided by Microsoft that stores information about items on a network so the information can be easily made available to specific users through a logon process and network administrators. By using an Active Directory it is possible [...]

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NetBEUI

January 24, 2011

NetBIOS, NetBEUI, and SMB are Microsoft Protocols used to support Microsoft Networking. The NetBIOS stack includes SMB, NetBIOS, and NetBEUI which are described in the table below. The following are parts of the Microsoft networking stack: Name Network Layer Description Redirector Application Directs requests for network resources to the appropriate server and makes network resources [...]

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Again Domain Name Service (DNS)

January 24, 2011

Host Names Domain Name Service (DNS) is the service used to convert human readable names of hosts to IP addresses. Host names are not case sensitive and can contain alphabetic or numeric letters or the hyphen. Avoid the underscore. A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) consists of the host name plus domain name as in [...]

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Little about BOOTP Protocol

January 24, 2011

BOOTP (Boot Protocol) may be used to boot remote computers over a network. BOOTP messages are encapsulated inside UDP messages and therefore its requests and replies are forwarded by routers. BOOTP is defined by RFCs 951 and 1542. The drawing below illustrates the data encapsulation: The diskless system reads its unique hardware address from its [...]

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Little about DHCP

January 24, 2011

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) This protocol is used to assign IP addresses to hosts or workstations on the network. Usually a DHCP server on the network performs this function. Basically it “leases” out address for specific times to the various hosts. If a host does not use a given address for some period of [...]

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Windows Server 2003 DNS Troubleshooting

January 22, 2011

1) Start Troubleshooting with Ping Can you ping the target machine? a) By IP address. Ping 10.1.0.100 b) By Hostname. Ping BigServer c) By fully qualified domain name. Ping BigServer.guybay.com Examine the replies for clues, for example is the reply BigServer or BigServer.domain.com. Depending on the results from Ping, check the Default Gateway and Subnet [...]

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Little about DNS Queries in Windows Server 2003

January 21, 2011

There are two sides to DNS.  Firstly, registration which adds resource records such as Host (A) into the DNS database.  Secondly there are queries where clients seek those resource records, for example where is BigServer?  Back comes the reply from DNS: BigServer IP = 10.10.55.21. Authoritative DNS Servers The goal of a DNS query is [...]

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DNS Names in Windows Server 2003

January 21, 2011

Introduction to DNS Names The purpose of DNS is to provide a connection when we type a name.  Now that name could refer to a server, a host, a web site, or a UNC path.  Always remember that computers prefer to use an IP address and that the role of DNS is a database of [...]

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How to understand IOS file name Convention

January 18, 2011

The IOS file name is usually similar to this form: xxxx-yyy-ww.aaa-bb.bin 1. The xxxx is the platform. For example: c1005 – For 1005 platform c1600 – For 1600 platform c1700 – For 1700, 1720, and 1750 platforms c2500 – For 25xx, 3xxx, 5100, and AO (11.2 and later only) platforms c2600 – For 2600 platform [...]

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10 importent show commands

January 18, 2011

The ‘show’ commands are the most widely used in Cisco routers. Here is a list of the 10 mostly used of these ‘show’ commands. 1. show running-config This command is your true best friend. It shows the complete configuration that is running currently. Using it you can troubleshoot almost all issues regarding routing, filtering, secure [...]

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Little about ISO/OSI layers

January 18, 2011

If you want to remember the sequence of the OSI layers model name then the following two sentences can help you a lot for this purpose.“All People Seems To Need Data Processing”. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is developed by ISO (International organization for standardization) in 1984. OSI reference model is a logical framework for [...]

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What is Network Routing ?

January 18, 2011

Routing is the process of defining routes for the packets to its destination through an internetwork and this is performed by the router. Routing is consist of two separate tasks. 1. Defining paths for the packets through and internetwork. 2. Forwarding data packets based on their predefined paths. Generally, there are two types of routing. [...]

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