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Special Purpose Network Addresses Every System admin need to know

January 25, 2011

Different types of Classes of Network Class A Addresses Class A address must be between 0 and 127 network.node.node.node Class B Addresses Class B address must be between 128 and 191 network.network.node.node Class C Addresses Class C address must be between 192 and 223 network.network.network.node Network Addresses: Special Purpose Some IP addresses are reserved for special purposes, [...]

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NetBEUI

January 24, 2011

NetBIOS, NetBEUI, and SMB are Microsoft Protocols used to support Microsoft Networking. The NetBIOS stack includes SMB, NetBIOS, and NetBEUI which are described in the table below. The following are parts of the Microsoft networking stack: Name Network Layer Description Redirector Application Directs requests for network resources to the appropriate server and makes network resources [...]

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Address Resolution Protocol

January 24, 2011

ARP and RARP Address Translation Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) provides a completely different function to the network than Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP). ARP is used to resolve the ethernet address of a NIC from an IP address in order to construct an ethernet packet around an IP data packet. This must happen in order [...]

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Again Domain Name Service (DNS)

January 24, 2011

Host Names Domain Name Service (DNS) is the service used to convert human readable names of hosts to IP addresses. Host names are not case sensitive and can contain alphabetic or numeric letters or the hyphen. Avoid the underscore. A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) consists of the host name plus domain name as in [...]

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Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)

January 24, 2011

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is the protocol used to support multicasting. To use multicasting, a process on a host must be able to join and leave a group. A process is a user program that is using the network. Group access is identified by the group address and the interface (NIC). A host must [...]

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Little about DHCP

January 24, 2011

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) This protocol is used to assign IP addresses to hosts or workstations on the network. Usually a DHCP server on the network performs this function. Basically it “leases” out address for specific times to the various hosts. If a host does not use a given address for some period of [...]

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Little about DNS Queries in Windows Server 2003

January 21, 2011

There are two sides to DNS.  Firstly, registration which adds resource records such as Host (A) into the DNS database.  Secondly there are queries where clients seek those resource records, for example where is BigServer?  Back comes the reply from DNS: BigServer IP = 10.10.55.21. Authoritative DNS Servers The goal of a DNS query is [...]

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DNS Resource Records in Windows Server 2003

January 21, 2011

It all started with Host records.  In the beginning there were just flat text files with a list of servers and corresponding IP addresses.  When that got cumbersome and a pain to update, a proper database called DNS (Domain Name System) was invented by Paul Mockapetris in 1983. Since then the DNS types of records [...]

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Little about DNS Zones in Windows Server 2003

January 21, 2011

When you plan a DNS installation, be sure that you choose the most suitable type of zone.  For instance, if your goal is to install a Windows Server 2003 domain, then investigate Active Directory Integrated Zones.  Also decide how many zones to configure, it is easy to focus on the forward lookup zone, but overlook [...]

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Access list types

January 21, 2011

There are three basic types of IP access lists: standard, extended, and dynamic extended. Standard access lists use source addressing for applying rules and provide very basic forms of filtering. Extended access lists use both source and destination addresses for filtering and even allow filtering by protocol type. This allows a more granular method of [...]

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10 things About Cisco Access list

January 21, 2011

What is an access control list? In the Cisco IOS, an access control list is a record that identifies and manages traffic. After identifying that traffic, an administrator can specify various events that can happen to that traffic. What’s the most common type of ACL? IP ACLs are the most popular type of access lists [...]

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Communication Devices in Computer Network

January 21, 2011

An electronic device that can send and receive data on the network is called the communication device. The communication devices are used on both ends of the connections. Most of the communication devices have the ability to convert the digital signal of computer into analog signal so that the signals can be transmitted on the [...]

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10 importent show commands

January 18, 2011

The ‘show’ commands are the most widely used in Cisco routers. Here is a list of the 10 mostly used of these ‘show’ commands. 1. show running-config This command is your true best friend. It shows the complete configuration that is running currently. Using it you can troubleshoot almost all issues regarding routing, filtering, secure [...]

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