server

Windows Server 2003 Active Directory Full

January 28, 2011

The Limitations of the Windows NT Domain Model and Network Security With Windows NT, domains were utilized to manage users, and to manage and secure network resources. A domain is the logical grouping of servers and network resources under a single domain name. In Windows NT, a domain could be considered as a central database [...]

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Little about Organizational Units

January 26, 2011

An Overview of Organizational Units (OUs) An organizational unit (OU) is a container that is used to logically organize and group Active Directory objects within domains. OUs are not part of the DNS namespace. They are used to organize Active Directory objects into logical administrative groups. OUs therefore serve as containers in which you can [...]

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Little about Data Encryption

January 26, 2011

Data encryption refers to mathematical calculations and algorithmic schemes that transform plaintext into cyphertext, a form that is non-readable to unauthorized parties. The recipient of an encrypted message uses a key which triggers the algorithm mechanism to decrypt the data, transforming it to the original plaintext version. Before the internet, data encryption was seldom used [...]

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Private and Public IP Addresses Explained

January 25, 2011

Public IP Addresses What is Public IP address Public IP Addresses (also known as Static IP Addresses) are IP addresses that are visible to the public.Because these ip addresses are public, they allow other people to know about and access your computer, like a Web server.In some cases, you do not want people to access [...]

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Setting Port Security on a Cisco Catalyst Switch

January 25, 2011

If you want to ensure that only a certain device—for example, a server—is plugged into a particular switch port, you can configure the MAC address of the server as a static entry associated with the switch port. Configure port security Configuring the Port Security feature is relatively easy. In its simplest form, port security requires [...]

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How to configure Cisco SPAN Ports

January 25, 2011

The following example will demonstrate how to configure a single SPAN session on a Cisco Catalyst switch. The specifics are different between different switch models, so be sure to check the Cisco documentation. You must first configure source ports. Source ports are ports whose data will be copied, and sent to the destination, or SPAN [...]

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Fix for High CPU usage when SNMP is enabled in Cisco Routers

January 25, 2011

Cisco Routers and Switches with L3 routing functions are seen to have problems with High CPU usage when SNMP is enabled. This can range anything from 15% to 40%. According to Cisco, these are low priority processes and other priority processes requiring CPU cycles are given priority over these processes and this level of CPU [...]

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NetBEUI

January 24, 2011

NetBIOS, NetBEUI, and SMB are Microsoft Protocols used to support Microsoft Networking. The NetBIOS stack includes SMB, NetBIOS, and NetBEUI which are described in the table below. The following are parts of the Microsoft networking stack: Name Network Layer Description Redirector Application Directs requests for network resources to the appropriate server and makes network resources [...]

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Address Resolution Protocol

January 24, 2011

ARP and RARP Address Translation Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) provides a completely different function to the network than Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP). ARP is used to resolve the ethernet address of a NIC from an IP address in order to construct an ethernet packet around an IP data packet. This must happen in order [...]

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Again Domain Name Service (DNS)

January 24, 2011

Host Names Domain Name Service (DNS) is the service used to convert human readable names of hosts to IP addresses. Host names are not case sensitive and can contain alphabetic or numeric letters or the hyphen. Avoid the underscore. A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) consists of the host name plus domain name as in [...]

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Virtual Private Networking (VPN)

January 24, 2011

The most confusing part of VPN is that many acronyms show up. This is partly because VPN requires data encryption to be “private” and there are many encryption techniques and terms. Also there are many complicated security issues relating to VPN concerning encryption and user authentication. This section will first explain the concept and methodology [...]

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Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)

January 24, 2011

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is the protocol used to support multicasting. To use multicasting, a process on a host must be able to join and leave a group. A process is a user program that is using the network. Group access is identified by the group address and the interface (NIC). A host must [...]

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Little about BOOTP Protocol

January 24, 2011

BOOTP (Boot Protocol) may be used to boot remote computers over a network. BOOTP messages are encapsulated inside UDP messages and therefore its requests and replies are forwarded by routers. BOOTP is defined by RFCs 951 and 1542. The drawing below illustrates the data encapsulation: The diskless system reads its unique hardware address from its [...]

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Little about DHCP

January 24, 2011

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) This protocol is used to assign IP addresses to hosts or workstations on the network. Usually a DHCP server on the network performs this function. Basically it “leases” out address for specific times to the various hosts. If a host does not use a given address for some period of [...]

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Windows Server 2003 DNS Troubleshooting

January 22, 2011

1) Start Troubleshooting with Ping Can you ping the target machine? a) By IP address. Ping 10.1.0.100 b) By Hostname. Ping BigServer c) By fully qualified domain name. Ping BigServer.guybay.com Examine the replies for clues, for example is the reply BigServer or BigServer.domain.com. Depending on the results from Ping, check the Default Gateway and Subnet [...]

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